DATE: 17 august 2024 start @ 07.00 to 10.00 UTC/ PROVINCE 111 (Sud Sardegna)/ Historical Region HR04 Marmilla/ Municipality D997 (Gesturi)
ANT: SKYPPER/ PW 300W
The Giara plateau (locals call it Sa Jara) is located in the central part of Sardinia, west 
of the Gulf of Oristano, between Marmilla, Trexenta, Sarcidano and Arborea. Since 1995 it has been recognized as a SIC area (Site of Community Interest).
The Italian name Giara and the Sardinian name Jara are used in this part of the island to indicate some basaltic plateaus, but they are also common names in many regions of the Earth to indicate flat hills, often covered with lava, volcanic islands, stony areas, etc.
The summit of the plateau runs in a north-west-south-east (NW-SE) direction for a length of 12 km. It has an average height of about 550 meters, ranging between 609 meters at Zepparedda (SE) and 490 meters at Corona Arrubia (NW) and an almost horizontal appearance (slightly inclined towards NW) consisting of a base of marl and sandstone on which rest several alternating layers of calcarenites and sandstones sedimented in the Miocene (20 million years ago); overall it has an extension of 45 km2 and a vaguely trapezoidal shape, with the maximum width to the SE that gradually narrows towards the NW.
Above these layers of rock (about 2.7 million years ago) two cracks were created from which the basaltic lava that covered the entire plateau flowed. The two eruptive cones are recognized in Zepparedda (SE – 609 m) and Zeppara Manna (NW – 580 m), between these is the Sa Roja fault that runs transversely across the plateau, creating a step of about 30 meters.
The edge is affected by a landslide phenomenon that has created recesses near which are the only natural accesses to the plateau, the Scalas.
Over the millennia, a light layer of earth has been deposited above the basaltic surface, rarely more than 50 cm deep, on which a particular vegetation with a distinctly Mediterranean character has developed. Originally covered by thick forests, the Giara today presents all the characteristic aspects of a typical anthropized Mediterranean area: this allows us to understand how man can influence the transformation-conservation of a territory by creating very different environments: forests, scrubland, garrigue, grasslands, meadows.
The determining factors of this transformation were fires, the cutting of the forest in favor of the cork oak, excessive grazing and, in recent years, also uncontrolled tourist use.
Despite everything, the Giara still retains a high level of naturalness.
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